Oncocitoma em carúncula: relato de caso / Oncocytoma of the caruncle: a case report

RESUMO O oncocitoma é um tipo de neoplasia rara na prática clínica e descrito na literatura, principalmente quando localizado no olho. Quando localizado nos anexos oculares, é mais frequentemente na carúncula. Analisou-se o caso de uma paciente de 74 anos, caucasiana, que relatou desconforto visual no olho esquerdo, e cujo exame físico mostrou lesão tumoral na carúncula esquerda, com volume moderado, presença de neovascularização e secreção excessiva. A excisão cirúrgica da lesão foi realizada sob sedação, e a peça foi enviada para avaliação anatomopatológica. A lesão foi diagnosticada histologicamente como oncocitoma, sem malignidade, e a paciente não apresentou recidiva após o procedimento. Embora raro, esse tumor deve ser reconhecido pelos oftalmologistas, devido ao risco já relatado de desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT Oncocytoma is a neoplasm rarely observed in clinical practice and reported in the literature, especially when located in the eye. When described in the ocular adnexa, it is most often located in the caruncle. The case of a 74-year-old Caucasian female patient is reported. She complained of visual discomfort in the left eye, and physical examination showed a tumoral lesion in the left caruncle, of moderate volume, presence of neovascularization, and excessive secretion. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed under sedation, and the specimen was sent for pathological examination. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as oncocytoma with no malignancy, and the patient presented no recurrence after the procedure. Although rare, this tumor must be recognized by ophthalmologists due to the risk of developing adenocarcinoma, as already reported.

Canaliculitis / Canaliculitis

RESUMEN La canaliculitis es una entidad rara, con frecuencia mal diagnosticada por su similitud con otras enfermedades. Se reporta una paciente femenina, de 56 años de edad, remitida a la Consulta de Oculoplastia del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", por secreciones purulentas y epífora del ojo izquierdo. Al examen se observó hiperemia conjuntival, secreción purulenta, punto lagrimal inferior hiperémico, dilatado, y se constató salida de concreciones por este al comprimir el canalículo. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de canaliculitis aguda supurada con concreciones. Se indicó tratamiento quirúrgico, que consistió en la canaliculotomía con remoción de las concreciones. Un examen clínico detallado, con adecuado conocimiento de la vía lagrimal excretora, permitió el diagnóstico certero, con un tratamiento quirúrgico eficaz y una evolución satisfactoria(AU)

ABSTRACT Canaliculitis is an uncommon infectious disease. It is often misdiagnosed due to its overlapping presentation to other common entities. A 56-year-old female patient is reported. She was referred to Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Ophthalmologic Institute, Ocular Plastic Surgery consultation, suffering from punctal swelling, discharge, and epiphora. At ocular examination was described conjunctival hyperemia, pouting punctum and mucopurulent discharge. Punctal regurgitation of concretions appears under syringing. It was confirmed acute canaliculitis with concretions in the left eye. A canaliculotomy was performed, and the concretions were removed. Routine clinical examinations helped to get a right diagnosis of canaliculitis and the surgical result was satisfactory(AU)

Pilomatrix carcinoma of the lacrimal caruncle: a case report / Carcinoma pilomatricial da carúncula lacrimal: relato de caso

ABSTRACT A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a mass located in the caruncle of his right eye. An incisional biopsy had been performed one month prior by another specialist, and the histopathology report showed basal cell carcinoma. The mass was completely excised with a 2 mm safety margin, and the large conjunctival defect was reconstructed with one sheet of amniotic membrane allograft. A histological diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma was established. To prevent recurrence after surgery, we added bevacizumab (25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL per drop) eye drops four times per day for three months. At the one-year follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis after initial excision and remains under close follow-up. Pilomatrix carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a caruncular mass.

RESUMO Um homem de 45 anos apresentou história de massa na carúncula no olho direito durante 3 meses. Uma biópsia incisional foi realizada 1 mês antes por outro especialista e o laudo histopatológico mostrava carcinoma basocelular. A massa foi completamente excisada, com uma margem de segurança de 2 mm, e a grande lesão conjuntival foi reconstruída com uma folha de aloenxerto de membrana amniótica. Foi estabelecido um diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma pilomatricial. Para evitar a recorrência após a cirurgia, adicionamos colírio de bevacizumabe (25 mg/mL, 1,25 mg/mL por gota) quatro vezes ao dia durante três meses. No seguimento de 1 ano, o paciente não apresentou evidência de recidiva local ou metástase distante após a excisão inicial e continua sob acompanhamento próximo. O carcinoma pilomatricial deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de uma massa caruncular.

Bilateral simultaneous endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: outcome and impact on the quality of life of the patients

Introduction: Bilateral simultaneous endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endo-DCR) has received little attention in the literature, thus many surgeons continue to address bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction at two stages, rather than in the same setting. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of simultaneous bilateral Endo- DCR and its impact on the quality of life of the patients. Methods: We have conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bilateral simultaneous endo-DCR between March 2013 and February 2017 at our tertiary care institution. The reviewed data included clinical presentation; operative details; success rate; pre and postoperative evaluation of the symptoms of the patients, using the Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Symptom Score Questionnaire; satisfaction of the patients, and improvement in the quality of life, assessed by the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire. Results: Out of 128 cases in which endo-DCRs were performed, 13 were bilateral (26 sides). Postoperative success was documented in 24 of the 26 sides (92.3%), with a mean follow-up duration of 16.2 months. The two failed sides were reported in the same case. The preoperative symptom score ranged between 12 and 80 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 38.23 ± 15.7). The postoperative symptom score was significantly lower (mean ± SD: 5.4 ± 12.9). The success rates in unilateral and bilateral cases were comparable, with no statistically significant difference. A notable improvement in the quality of life of the patients was also reported, with a mean GBI score of 81.38 ± 12.37. Conclusion: Our results support that a simultaneous bilateral endo-DCR is a safe procedure that offers a high success rate, spares the patient from the stress of a second surgery, provides the patient with a bilateral resolution of the symptoms, and confers an immediate improvement in the quality of life of the patients (AU)

Cisto ductal de glândula lacrimal em paciente com eritrodermia ictiosiforme congênita / Ductal cyst of lacrimal gland in patient with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma

Resumo A ictiose lamelar é uma doença congênita de herança autossômica recessiva que se caracteriza clinicamente por descamação de toda a superfície corporal devido hiperceratose mucocutânea que pode levar a comprometimento oftalmológico. Neste estudo relatamos um caso de cisto ductal de glândula lacrimal em paciente portador de ictiose lamelar atendido no Hospital Oftalmológico de Anápolis.

Abstract Lamellar ichthyosis is a congenital disease autosomal recessive which is characterized clinically by peeling of all the body surface due hyperkeratosis mucocutaneous that can cause ocular involvement. We reported a case of ductal cyst of the lacrimal gland in patient with lamellar ichthyosis attended in the Ophthalmological Hospital of Anápolis.

Pleomorphic Adenoma Lacrimal Gland.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common epithelial tumour of the lacrimal gland1. Histological confirmation is necessary for diagnosis. I report a case of pleomorphic adenoma in an otherwise well 39 year old female patient and review the clinical and histological features of this tumour. These lesions are usually cured by simple surgical excision3, Inadequate removal leads to recurrence6. The incidence of pleomorphic adenoma is 3.4 to 4.8 % of the orbital lesions5.

Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of probing in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children age 2 years and older and to establish factors predictive of the outcome. A prospective study was conducted on consecutive patients older than 24 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All patients were treated with a simple nasolacrimal duct probing as primary treatment. Outcome measures included an ophthalmologic examination plus a parental history of residual symptoms at one and 6 months after surgery. A total of 82 children with a mean age of 34.5 months [range, 24 months to 60 months] underwent nasolacrimal duct probing. The complete response rate was 54%. Partial response and failure were observed in 25% and 20.8% of the eyes, respectively. Bilateral obstruction was associated with failure of probing [P = 0.007, Odds Ratio: 5.76]. However, age older than 36 months was not associated with the failure rate. Primary probing maintains a high success rate without any age related decline in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland: case report / Adenocarcinoma ductal primário da glândula lacrimal: relato de caso

A 78-year-old male patient presented with double vision, painless palpable mass under the right superolateral orbital rim, downward displacement and restricted adduction of the right eye. His visual acuity was 20/50 OD and 20/20 OS. Hertel exophthalmometry was 21 mm OD and 17 mm OS. Computed tomographic scans showed an infiltrative orbital mass with ill-defined, irregular margins, involving the lacrimal gland and the lateral rectus muscle. The patient underwent an anterior transcutaneous transseptal orbitotomy with incisional biopsy and surgical debulking. Histopathologic evaluation revealed primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Following the metastatic work up, he underwent an eyelid-sparing orbital exenteration. Microscopically, the tumor elements were characterized by large polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and amphophilic cytoplasm. The tumor components comprised duct-type structures with papillary and cribriform patterns, surrounded by prominent basement membrane. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin-7, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 and proto-oncogene Her-2/neu, but negative for cytokeratin-5, cytokeratin-20, p63, prostate-specific antigen, S-100 protein and thyroid transcription factor. These histopathologic findings were compatible with poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, T3N0M0. Twenty-four months after orbital exenteration, the patient was diagnosed with ipsilateral parotid gland and cervical lymph node metastases and died of disease.

Paciente do sexo masculino e com 78 anos de idade apresentou diplopia, massa palpável abaixo da margem orbitária direita, deslocamento inferior do bulbo ocular direito e limitação da adução do olho direito. A acuidade visual foi 20/50 OD e 20/20 OE. A exoftalmometria de Hertel foi 21 mm OD e 17 mm OE. Tomografia computadorizada mostrou uma massa orbitária, infiltrativa e com margens irregulares, envolvendo a glândula lacrimal e o músculo reto lateral. O paciente foi submetido a uma orbitotomia anterior com biópsia incisional. O exame histopatológico revelou adenocarcinoma ductal primário da glândula lacrimal. Em seguida, o paciente foi submetido a uma exenteração orbitária com preservação das pálpebras. Microscopicamente, os elementos tumorais foram caracterizados por células poligonais grandes com citoplasma anfofílico, núcleo vesicular e nucléolo proeminente. Os componentes tumorais incluíram estruturas ductais com padrões cribriforme e papilífero e cercadas por membrana basal proeminente. As células tumorais foram positivas para citoqueratina 7, metaloproteinase 2 da matriz, metaloproteinase 9 da matriz, metaloproteinase 13 da matriz e Her-2/neu, mas negativas para citoqueratina 5, citoqueratina 20, p63, antígeno prostático específico, proteína S-100 e fator de transcrição da tiroide. Estes achados histopatológicos foram compatíveis com o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ductal pouco diferenciado da glândula lacrimal, T3N0M0. Vinte e quatro meses após a exenteração orbitária, o paciente foi diagnosticado com metástases nos linfonodos cervicais ipsilaterais e na glândula parótida ipsilateral e faleceu.

Canaliculite: relato de caso e conduta / Canaliculitis: case report and conduct

A canaliculite é uma infecção rara e crônica do canalículo lacrimal, cuja etiologia mais comum é o Actinomyces israelli (bactéria gram positiva, anaeróbica). Esta afecção não apresenta cura espontânea. O diagnóstico diferencial se faz com: conjuntivite crônica recorrente, blefarite e hordéolo. O tratamento definitivo é o cirúrgico (canaliculotomia), sendo realizado sob anestesia local.

The canaliculitis is a rare infection and chronicle lachrymal pathology, whose commoner etiology is Actinomyces israelli ( bacteria anaeroby positive gram). This pathology does not present cure espontany The diagnosis differential with is done: Recurring chronic conjunctivitis, blefarity and hordeoly. The definitive treatment is the surgical (canaliculotomy)), being accomplished under location anesthetizes.

Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy versus external dacryocystorhinostomy

Epiphora and recurrent dacryocystitis are common problems between adult patients consulting ophthalmic and ENT departments. They are occur mostly duo to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct for different causes. Surgical treatment is the only available way to treat them. To study the clinical outcomes of a new endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy [EENDCR] technique compared to the conventional external Dacryocystorhinostomy technique [Ext-DCR]. A retrospective, comparative cross sectional study on 105 cases with epiphora operated upon in 5 years [2004-2009], 60 consecutive EENDCRs and 45 Ext-DCRs. Patients with anatomic nasolacrimal duct obstruction were included in the study; previous lacrimal surgery, functional nasolacrimal, canalicular obstruction and nasal problems were excluded. Two surgeons performed the EENDCRs, using a standardized operative technique, which involved creation of a large bony ostium and mucosal flaps between the lacrimal sac mucosa and nasal mucosa. One surgeon performed all Ext-DCRs. 53 patients [15 men, 38 women] underwent 60 EENDCRs. The average age of the patients was 40 years [range, 5 to 70 years]. In the Ext-DCR group, 45 patients [14 men, 31 women] underwent 45 OCRs. The average age was 30.5 years [range, 6 to 49 years]. The average follow-up time was 10 months for the EENDCR group and 12.2 months for the Ext-DCR group. Success was defined as relief of symptoms and by anatomic patency, which was assessed by history, fluorescein dye and syringing of lacrimal drainage system. The success rate was significantly higher in cases underwent Ext-DCRs [95.55% [43/45]] as compared to cases underwent EEDCRs [81.66% [49/60]]. [P < 0.05]. Ext-DCR offers better symptom free outcomes [95.55%] than endoscopic DCR [81.66%]. Patients who are more interested than others in cosmetic subject, their operations must be conducted with EENDR. A larger, randomized prospective trial is needed to fully assess the efficacy of this new technique

Resultados da dacriorinocistostomia externa no tratamento de obstrução das vias lacrimais / External dacryocystorhinostomy results in the treatment of lacrimal duct stenoses

Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico da obstrução das vias lacrimais pela técnica de dacriorinocistostomia externa consiste na formação de uma fístula entre o saco lacrimal e a passagem nasal, durante muito tempo foi considerada a técnica padrão para obstruções das vias lacrimais adquiridas ou congênitas. Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados de uma série de casos submetidos a dacriocistorinostomia externa com a técnica de Kasper modificada. Método: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos operados no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, entre dezembro de 1999 a janeiro de 2008. Resultados: Foram operados dez casos, cinco mulheres e cinco homens. A idade variou de 8 a 56 anos. A etiologia mais frequente foi traumática. O principal sintoma clínico foi a epífora. Noventa por cento dos pacientes apresentaram remissão dos sintomas clínicos de obstrução da via lacrimal apresentados no pré-operatório. Houve um caso de evolução desfavorável em que foi necessária a reoperação. Conclusão: Com esta técnica obtiveram-se bons resultados, principalmente em obstruções de causas adquiridas, tendo como vantagens a visão direta e a maior facilidade para criação do largo óstio e retalho do saco lacrimal.

Introduction: The surgical treatment of lacrimal obstruction by external dacryocystorhinostomy technique consists of the formation of a fistula between the lacrimal sac and nasal passage. Has long been considered the standard technique for obstruction of the lacrimal acquired or congenital etiology. Objective: To present the results of a series of cases submitted to Kasper technique external dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a series of cases operated at the Hospital Regional da Asa Norte,from December 1999 to January 2008. Results: We describe ten cases with external dacryocystorhinostomy technique performed, five women and five men. The age ranged from 8 to 56 years. The most common etiology was traumatic and the main clinical symptom was epiphora. 90% of patients had remission of clinical symptoms of lacrimal obstruction presented preoperatively. There was one case of adverse developments that were required reoperation. Conclusion: With this technique we obtained good results, especially in cases of an acquired defect, with the advantages of direct visualization and easier to create the wide ostium and lacrimal flap lacrimal sac.

Ten-year follow-up of a case series of primary epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland: clinical features, surgical treatment and histopathological findings / Dez anos de acompanhamento de uma série de casos de neoplasias epiteliais primárias da glândula lacrimal: características clínicas, tratamento cirúrgico e achados histopatológicos

PURPOSE: To describe and analyze the features of a cases series of patients with primary epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland, its surgical treatment, and histopathological findings. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of files from patients with primary epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland in the period from 1997 to 2007. All patients with primary epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were included in this study. Data on gender, age, clinical features, surgical treatment, histopathological findings and follow-up were collected. The slides with histological sections of the tumors were reviewed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 12 patients, 5 (41.7 percent) with benign tumors, all pleomorphic adenomas (benign mixed tumor) and 7 (58.3 percent) with malignant neoplasms, thus distributed: four cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, two of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma. Globally, patients mean age was 54.1 years-old (ranging from 14 to 70 years-old), with mean age of 52.4 years-old (ranging from 14 to 65 years-old) for benign neoplasms, and 55.3years-old for malignant neoplasms (ranging from 26 to 70 years-old). Clinical follow-up information, ranging from 2 to 10 years-old, was available for all patients. Three patients developed distant metastasis and died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent primary epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland were pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma during the study period. Malignant tumors were more frequent than benign tumors. The histopathological diagnosis and the disease initial stage can play a significant role in patient's survival.

OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar as características de uma série de casos de portadores de neoplasias epiteliais primárias da glândula lacrimal, o tratamento cirúrgico, assim como os achados histopatológicos. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva dos arquivos de pacientes com neoplasias epiteliais primárias da glândula lacrimal, no período de 1997 até 2007. Todos os pacientes com tumores epiteliais primários da glândula lacrimal foram incluídos neste estudo. Foram analisados os dados sobre sexo, idade, características clínicas, tratamento cirúrgico, achados histopatológicos e seguimento dos pacientes. As lâminas com secções histológicas dos tumores foram revisadas pelo mesmo patologista. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, foram encontrados 12 pacientes, sendo 5 (41,7 por cento) portadores de tumores benignos, todos adenomas pleomórficos (tumor benigno misto), e 7 (58,3 por cento) com neoplasias malignas, assim distribuídos: quatro casos de carcinoma adenóide cístico, dois de carcinoma mucoepidermóide e um de carcinoma ex-adenoma pleomórfico. Analisando-se de modo global, a idade média dos portadores foi de 54,1 anos (variando de 14 a 70 anos); com média de idade de 52,4 anos (variando de 14 a 65 anos) para neoplasias benignas, e 55,3 para neoplasias malignas (variando de 26 a 70 anos). Informações do seguimento, variando de 2 a 10 anos, estavam disponíveis para todos os pacientes. Três pacientes desenvolveram metástases distantes e morreram devido à doença. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria das neoplasias epiteliais primárias da glândula lacrimal foi o adenoma pleomórfico e o carcinoma adenóide cístico no período de estudo. Os tumores malignos foram mais frequentes que os benignos. O diagnóstico histopatológico e o estadiamento inicial da doença podem desempenhar uma papel significante na sobrevida do paciente.

Linfoma não-Hodgkin de órbita: relato de caso / Non-Hodgkin orbital lymphoma: case report

O objetivo é relatar manifestação incomum de linfoma não-Hodgkin de órbita. Paciente masculino, de 75 anos, se apresentou com queixa de lacrimejamento crônico bilateral. Havia feito dacriocistorrinostomia endonasal à direita e à esquerda por duas vezes, sem sucesso. Ao exame, massas de consistência fibroelástica, em topografia das "bolsas" de gordura das pálpebras inferiores e proptose axial. O paciente negava outros sintomas ou sinais sistêmicos. Hemograma sem alteração, hormônios tireoidianos normais. A tomografia computadorizada mostrava infiltrado difuso na órbita e proptose axial. Biópsia de gordura orbitária e de medula óssea diagnosticaram linfoma não-Hodgkin. O paciente foi tratado com quimioterapia, sendo em seguida submetido à cirurgia da via lacrimal bilateral, com resolução do quadro. A doença sistêmica que exigia diagnóstico e tratamento adequados para que se tivesse bom prognóstico estava mascarada pelo quadro de epífora bilateral.

The purpose is to report an unusual case of orbital non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A 75-year-old man presented with bilateral chronic epiphora complaint and inferior eyelid tumors, axial proptosis, without previous systemic manifestation. The patient was submitted to bilateral endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy twice and the epiphora complaint persisted. The inferior eyelid and bone marrow biopsy revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and dacryocystorhinostomy with good resolution. The precise diagnosis and the treatment were very important to reach a good resolution of the bilateral epiphora complaint.

Canaliculite: relato de caso e conduta / Canaliculitis: case report and management

A canaliculite é uma infecção rara do canalículo lacrimal, sendo o Actinomyces israelii o agente causal mais comum. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar uma doença rara, assim como seu manejo clínico e cirúrgico. Paciente feminina, 44 anos, apresentou um quadro compatível com canaliculite, sendo submetida à canaliculotomia com preservação do ponto lacrimal. A via lacrimal foi mantida intubada com tubo de silicone por 3 meses, associado a irrigações periódicas, com antibiótico, a fim de evitar complicações e a recidiva do quadro. O caso apresentado confirma os relatos da literatura nos quais o tratamento cirúrgico mostrouse superior ao conservador.

Canaliculitis is a rare infection of the lacrimal canaliculus with Actinomyces israelii as its most common etiologic agent. The objective of this paper is to report a rare pathology, as well as its clinical and surgical management. Female patient, 44 years old, presenting clinical manifestations compatible with canaliculitis, was submitted to surgical treatment preserving the lacrimal punctum. Intubation was performed into the lacrimal channel with silicone tube for three months, associated with periodical pre-programmed bathings with antibiotic, in order to avoid complications and recurrence. This case confirms the literature reports in which the surgical treatment is more effective than the conservative treatment.

Implante de ducto nasolacrimal de poliuretano: relato de caso / Nasolacrimal stent implantation: report of a case

Obstrução parcial ou completa da via lacrimal provoca um lacrimejamento constante ou intermitente denominado epífora. O tratamento preconizado para os casos de epífora com obstruções localizadas abaixo do canalículo comum é a dacriocistorrinostomia externa ou a dacriocistorrinostomia via endoscópica. Nos últimos anos foram criadas e aperfeiçoadas técnicas alternativas para o tratamento de epífora como a intubação da via lacrimal com tubos de silicone, dilatação do ducto nasolacrimal (dacriocistoplastia) e o desenvolvimento de implantes nasolacrimais. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a primeira experiência brasileira com o implante de poliuretano, realizado pelos serviços de Radiologia Intervencionista e Oftalmologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP - SP. Embora o implante nasolacrimal tenha suas vantagens por ser um procedimento radiológico intervencionista versus uma cirurgia invasiva, não é o procedimento indicado como tratamento primário da obstrução do ducto nasolacrimal. Estudos a longo prazo ainda são necessários para avaliar e resolver as complicações encontradas nos últimos trabalhos. Novos desenhos e métodos de recanalização in situ (mecanicamente ou com auxílio de medicações) talvez melhorem a viabilidade deste método terapêutico para a resolução de epífora.

Epiphora (watering eye) is generally caused by insufficient drainage of tears. The most common cause of epiphora in adults is idiopathic inflammatory obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The traditional surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an external dacryocystorhinostomy, which has an 85 percent to 95 percent success rate. To eliminate cutaneus wounds and scarring some techniques were introduced, for example the endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy and the nasolacrimal stent. The aim of this report was to evaluate the first case of nasolacrimal stent implantation in Brazil. The procedure was performed in the "Hospital das Clínicas" of the University of São Paulo - USP. A female patient with tearing of the right eye and secretion was submitted to a nasolacrimal stent implantation, with fluoroscopic guidance. The stent used in this procedure was the polyurethane Tearleader stent set. (Dr. Wilhelm type-PBN MEDICALS - Denmark). After 3 months, the patient started complaining of tearing, so the stent was removed and the patient was submitted to an external dacryocystorhinostomy. At present the patient does not have any symptoms or complaints. This procedure is less invasive and simple, causes no facial scars and avoids surgical trauma, but the long term success rates achieved using polyurethane nasolacrimal stents are low as compared with the external dacryocystorhinostomy. In addition, the patients usually complaint of tearing even having patent lacrimal system. In summary, long-term studies are needed to resolve some complications. Maybe a new stent design and new methods of unblocking the stent in situ would improve in the near future the levels of patency that currently are modest.

[Results of endoscopic mechanical dacryocystorhinostomy in primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction]

Epiphora and dacryocystitis following nasolacrimal duct obstruction arc considered as two widely common complaints among the patients and dacryocystorhinostomy [DCR] is the treatment choice for such conditions. To determine success rate of DCR with endoscopic and mechanical techniques. In this prospective analytic study 67 patients were operated during 2000-2003. Based on clinical history, results of regurgitation and irrigation tests and also dacryoscintigraphy, the patients with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction, were operated using nasal endoscopes and mechanical instruments. Intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain and bleeding, and periobital ecchimosis were recorded and success rate after a follow up of 6 and 12 months was determined. After a follow up of 6 and 12 months duration, success rates were 91.4% and 88.5%, respectively. Severe intraoperative bleeding was observed in 11.4% of patients and periorbital ecchimosis found in 7.1% of cases. Three days following the surgery, mild and moderate pain was seen in 32 patients whereas moderate nose bleeding observed in only 2 cases. Endoscopic mechanical DCR without expensive equipments and with high success rate could be substituted for external DCR

Epífora e flacidez sem ectrópio: "tarsal strip" resolve sempre? / Tearing and eyelid laxity with no ectropion: is tarsal strip always effective?

OBJETIVO: Verificar se o "tarsal strip" melhora a epífora de pacientes sem ectrópio, mas com pálpebras flácidas. MÉTODOS: Foi feito estudo retrospectivo que incluiu uma amostra composta por pacientes com pálpebras flácidas em posicão normal, sem obstrucão lacrimal, operados com "tarsal strip" lateral para o tratamento de epífora. Foram incluídas no estudo 14 pálpebras inferiores em 11 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Houve resolucão ou melhora significativa da epífora em 10 (71,4 por cento) olhos após período de seguimento de três meses. Todas as pálpebras operadas passaram a apresentar resistência normal após a cirurgia. CONCLUSAO: Em pacientes com epífora, pálpebras flácidas e vias lacrimais pérvias, sem ectrópio, o "tarsal strip" pode obter melhora significativa da epífora na maioria dos casos. Como todas as pálpebras operadas recuperaram sua resistência normal, pode-se supor que a ausência de melhora da epífora, em alguns casos, possa ser explicada pela presenca de outros fatores causais concomitantes com a flacidez palpebral.